Friday, June 18, 2010
Wednesday, June 16, 2010
2013 Solar Storm Could Create Widespread Panic
Posted on: Tuesday, 15 June 2010, 09:20 CDT
NASA has warned that the Earth could endure a once-in-a-generation "space storm," bringing widespread power blackouts and leaving people without critical communications signals for a long time.
National power grids could overheat and air travel could be disrupted while electronic systems, navigation devices and major satellites could stop working after the Sun reaches its maximum power in a few years.
Senior space agency scientists say the Earth will be hit with unprecedented levels of magnetic energy from solar flares when the Sun awakes "from a deep slumber" around 2013.
NASA said in its warning that the super storm would hit like "a bolt of lightning" and could cause catastrophic consequences for the world's health, emergency services and national security unless precautions are taken.
The scientists say it could damage everything from iPods and Sat Navs to emergency services' systems, hospital equipment, banking systems and air traffic control devices
The storm could leave a multi-billion dollar damage bill and "potentially devastating" problems for governments.
“We know it is coming but we don’t know how bad it is going to be,” Dr Richard Fisher, the director of NASA's Heliophysics division, told The Daily Telegraph in an interview.
“It will disrupt communication devices such as satellites and car navigations, air travel, the banking system, our computers, everything that is electronic. It will cause major problems for the world.
“Large areas will be without electricity power and to repair that damage will be hard as that takes time.”
Dr Fisher added: “Systems will just not work. The flares change the magnetic field on the earth that is rapid and like a lightning bolt. That is the solar affect.”
NASA scientists, policy-makers, researchers and government officials attended a "space weather" conference in Washington DC last week and was told of similar warnings.
Fisher's comments are the most comprehensive warnings from NASA to date, although other scientists have previously told of the dangers of the storm.
Fisher said the storm will cause the Sun to reach temperatures of over 10,000 Fahrenheit, which occurs only a few times over a person's life time.
Every 22 years the Sun's magnetic energy cycle peaks while the number of sunspots hits a maximum level every 11 years.
Fisher, who has been a NASA scientist for 20 years, said these events would combine in 2013 to produce huge levels of radiation.
He said large swathes of the world could face being without power for several months, although he said that was unlikely.
He said that a more likely scenario would be places which have "fragile" power grids would be without power and access to electronic devices for hours, possibly days.
He said preparations were similar to those of a hurricane, where authorities knew a problem was going to occur but did not know how serious it would be.
“I think the issue is now that modern society is so dependant on electronics, mobile phones and satellites, much more so than the last time this occurred,” he said.
“There is a severe economic impact from this. We take it very seriously. The economic impact could be like a large, major hurricane or storm.”
Two years ago, the National Academy of Sciences said that power grids, GPS navigation, air travel, financial services and emergency radio communications could "all be knocked out by intense solar activity."
It said that a powerful solar storm could cause "twenty times more economic damage than Hurricane Katrina."
Fisher said precautions could be taken including creating back up systems for hospitals and power grids and allow development on satellite "safe modes."
“If you know that a hazard is coming … and you have time enough to prepare and take precautions, then you can avoid trouble,” he added.
Fisher is the Science Mission Director at NASA headquarters. His department investigates the Sun's influence on the earth by using dozens of satellites to study the threat.
NASA has warned that the Earth could endure a once-in-a-generation "space storm," bringing widespread power blackouts and leaving people without critical communications signals for a long time.
National power grids could overheat and air travel could be disrupted while electronic systems, navigation devices and major satellites could stop working after the Sun reaches its maximum power in a few years.
Senior space agency scientists say the Earth will be hit with unprecedented levels of magnetic energy from solar flares when the Sun awakes "from a deep slumber" around 2013.
NASA said in its warning that the super storm would hit like "a bolt of lightning" and could cause catastrophic consequences for the world's health, emergency services and national security unless precautions are taken.
The scientists say it could damage everything from iPods and Sat Navs to emergency services' systems, hospital equipment, banking systems and air traffic control devices
The storm could leave a multi-billion dollar damage bill and "potentially devastating" problems for governments.
“We know it is coming but we don’t know how bad it is going to be,” Dr Richard Fisher, the director of NASA's Heliophysics division, told The Daily Telegraph in an interview.
“It will disrupt communication devices such as satellites and car navigations, air travel, the banking system, our computers, everything that is electronic. It will cause major problems for the world.
“Large areas will be without electricity power and to repair that damage will be hard as that takes time.”
Dr Fisher added: “Systems will just not work. The flares change the magnetic field on the earth that is rapid and like a lightning bolt. That is the solar affect.”
NASA scientists, policy-makers, researchers and government officials attended a "space weather" conference in Washington DC last week and was told of similar warnings.
Fisher's comments are the most comprehensive warnings from NASA to date, although other scientists have previously told of the dangers of the storm.
Fisher said the storm will cause the Sun to reach temperatures of over 10,000 Fahrenheit, which occurs only a few times over a person's life time.
Every 22 years the Sun's magnetic energy cycle peaks while the number of sunspots hits a maximum level every 11 years.
Fisher, who has been a NASA scientist for 20 years, said these events would combine in 2013 to produce huge levels of radiation.
He said large swathes of the world could face being without power for several months, although he said that was unlikely.
He said that a more likely scenario would be places which have "fragile" power grids would be without power and access to electronic devices for hours, possibly days.
He said preparations were similar to those of a hurricane, where authorities knew a problem was going to occur but did not know how serious it would be.
“I think the issue is now that modern society is so dependant on electronics, mobile phones and satellites, much more so than the last time this occurred,” he said.
“There is a severe economic impact from this. We take it very seriously. The economic impact could be like a large, major hurricane or storm.”
Two years ago, the National Academy of Sciences said that power grids, GPS navigation, air travel, financial services and emergency radio communications could "all be knocked out by intense solar activity."
It said that a powerful solar storm could cause "twenty times more economic damage than Hurricane Katrina."
Fisher said precautions could be taken including creating back up systems for hospitals and power grids and allow development on satellite "safe modes."
“If you know that a hazard is coming … and you have time enough to prepare and take precautions, then you can avoid trouble,” he added.
Fisher is the Science Mission Director at NASA headquarters. His department investigates the Sun's influence on the earth by using dozens of satellites to study the threat.
A disassembly of the Master Boot Record
RELOCATION: The MBR's loader code begins by setting up a stack
at 0:7c00, then the MBR (except for the relocation code at
0:7c00 - 0:7c1a) is relocated to 0:061b, and operation resumes
at the new location.
7C00 xor ax,ax ;zero ax
7C02 mov ss,ax ;ss = 0
7C04 mov sp,07c00 ;stack @ 0:7c00
7C07 sti ;enable interrupts
7C08 push ax ;zero on stack
7C09 pop es ;es = 0
7C0A push ax ;zero on stack
7C0B pop ds ;ds = 0
7C0C cld ;clear direction
7C0D mov si,07c1b ;source index = 7c1b
7C10 mov di,061b ;dest index = 61b
7C13 push ax ;segment for retf = 0
7C14 push di ;offset for retf = 61b
7C15 mov cx,01e5 ;1e5 bytes to move
7C18 rep movsb ;relocate the MBR
7C1A retf ;jump to relocated MBR
SCAN PARTITION TABLE: the source index register (si) is set to
point to the "active flag" byte of the first partition record
(at offset 7BEh) in the MBR's partition table. The loader code
loops, checking the active flag of each record.
061B mov si,07be ;point si to first partition active flag
061E mov cl,4 ;4 partition records to examine
0620 cmp b[si],ch ;compare active flag to zero
0622 jl 062d ;jump if bit 7 of active flag set
If jl tests true here, we have an active partition.
0624 jne 061b ;hang computer in loop (bad flag)
Otherwise, the value of the must be zero, else the partition record
is corrupt. In that case the code goes into a loop and hangs the
system.
0626 add si,010 ;point to next record
0629 loop 0620 ;test next record
062B int 018 ;call ROM BASIC if no active partition
If no active partition is found in the partition table, a call is
made to ROM BASIC. This will normally result in "No ROM BASIC" being
displayed on the screen with the sytem hung.
062D mov dx,w[si] ;drive & head numbers to dx
We have found an active partition. The drive (80h) and head (usually 1)
are loaded in the dx register. Now check to be sure that the remaining
active flags are set to zero.
062F mov bp,si ;bp points to active partition entry
0631 add si,010 ;point to next entry
0634 dec cx ;decrement loop counter
0635 je 064d ;jump if finished
Finished testing active flags. Now go and read the active partition
boot sector to memory.
0637 cmp b[si],ch ;active byte = 0?
0639 je 0631 ;if so, check next entry
If we get here, a spurious (non-zero) active flag was found. The
MBR code now displays "Invalid Partition Table" and hangs.
Print error message:
063B mov si,0710 ;si points to error msg string
063E dec si ;adjust
063F lodsb ;get next character in al
0640 cmp al,0 ;end of string?
0642 je 063e ;if so, hang
0644 mov bx,7 ;color white on black
0647 mov ah,0e ;print character function
0649 int 010 ;print the char
064B jmp 063f ;print next char
READ BOOT SECTOR:
Now we are ready to read the active partition's boot sector to
memory. First, we need to determine whether to use CHS addressing
or the BIOS interrupt 13 LBA extensions. The LBA extensions are
used for partition types 0ch (FAT32 LBA), 0eh (FAT16 LBA).
064D mov w[bp+025],ax ;ax is = 0 here
0650 xchg ax,si ;si = 0
0651 mov al,b[bp+4] ;al = partition type
0654 mov ah,6 ;ah = 6
0656 cmp al,0e ;partition type 0e?
0658 je 066b ;if so, jump
065A mov ah,0b ;ah = 0b
065C cmp al,0c ;partition type 0c?
065E je 0665 ;if so, jump
0660 cmp al,ah ;partition type 0b?
0662 jne 068f ;jump if not
0664 inc ax ;resets zero flag
0665 mov b[bp+025],6 ;marker
0669 jne 068f ;jump
if the partition type is 0c or 0e, then we need to check if the int 13
BIOS extensions are supported.
066B mov bx,055aa ;per int 13 ah = 41
066E push ax ;save ax on stack
066F mov ah,041 ;this function is an installation
; check for the int 13 BIOS extension
0671 int 013 ;BIOS disk i/o
0673 pop ax ;restore ax
0674 jb 068c ;jump if error occurred
0676 cmp bx,0aa55 ;extensions supported?
067A jne 068c ;jump if not
067C test cl,1 ;disk access functions supported?
067F je 068c ;jump if not
0681 mov ah,al ;partition type to ah
0683 mov b[bp+024],dl ;drive no.
0686 mov w[06a1],01eeb ;patch code with jump to 06c1
068C mov b[bp+4],ah ;overwrite partition type
We will enter here, skipping the BIOS extensions tests, if the
partition type is other than 0c or 0e.
068F mov di,0a ;di=0a
0692 mov ax,0201 ;int 13 read 1 sector
0695 mov bx,sp ;stack pointer to bx
0697 xor cx,cx ;zero cx
0699 cmp di,5 ;compare
069C jg 06a1 ;jump if di > 5
069E mov cx,w[bp+025] ;will be 0 or 6
If the BIOS Interrupt 13 extensions are in use, this instruction
will have been overwritten with jmp 06c1. If CHS addressing
is in use, on the other hand, we will proceed as follows.
06A1 add cx,w[bp+2] ;start cyl/sector of partition
06A4 int 013 ;read sector to 0:7c00
06A6 jb 06d1 ;jump if error occurred
06A8 mov si,0746 ;pointer to error message
Message is "Missing operating system"
06AB cmp w[07dfe],0aa55 ;system signature present?
06B1 je 070d ;jump if so
06B3 sub di,5 ;else decrement di
06B6 jg 0692 ; and try again
06B8 test si ;si = 0?
06BA jne 063f ;go print error msg if not
06BC mov si,0727 ;pointer to error msg
Message will be "Error loading operating system"
06BF jmp 064b ;go print message
06C1 cbw ;ah = 0
06C2 xchg ax,cx ;cx = 1, ax = 0
06C3 push dx ;save dx
06C4 cwd ;dx = 0
06C5 add ax,w[bp+8] ;move "relative sectors"
06C8 adc dx,w[bp+0a] ; to ax/dx
06CB call 06e0 ;read the sector
06CE pop dx ;restore dx
06CF jmp 06a6 ;test for error & system sig
Error handler for int 13 reads:
06D1 dec di ;decrement retry counter
06D2 je 06b8 ;if zero go print error msg
06D4 xor ax,ax ;zero ax
06D6 int 013 ;reset disk drive
06D8 jmp 0692 ;retry read
06DA db... (6 bytes) ;Windows inserts a drive identifier here
06E0 push si ;save si
06E1 xor si,si ;zero si
06E3 push si ;LBA of
06E4 push si ; first block
06E5 push dx ; to read -
06E6 push ax ; qword
06E7 push es ;disk i/o
06E8 push bx ; buffer
06E9 push cx ;blocks to transfer
06EA mov si,010 ;si = 10
06ED push si ;save on stack
06EE mov si,sp ;si = sp
06F0 push ax ;save registers
06F1 push dx ; .
06F2 mov ax,04200 ;extd int 13 read
06F5 mov dl,b[bp+024] ;drive no.
06F8 int 013 ;read
06FA pop dx ;restore registers
06FB pop ax ; .
06FC lea sp,[si+010] ;adjust stack pointer
06FF jb 070b ;jump if error occurred
0701 inc ax ;increment ax
0702 jne 0705 ;jump if not zero
0704 inc dx ;increment dx
0705 add bh,2 ;add 200h to buffer offset
0708 loop 0701 ;
070A clc ;clear carry
070B pop si ;restore si
070C ret ;return
070D jmp 0783h
070F db 'Invalid partition table',0
0727 db 'Error loading operating system',0
0746 db 'Missing operating system',0
075F db... ;unused area
0783 mov di,sp ;stack pointer to di
0785 push ds ;seg for retf
0786 push di ;offst for retf
0787 mov si,bp ;si points to active partition record
0789 retf ;jump to DBR boot code
0790 db... ;unused area
07BE ;partition table goes here
07FE dw 0AA55 ;system signature
at 0:7c00, then the MBR (except for the relocation code at
0:7c00 - 0:7c1a) is relocated to 0:061b, and operation resumes
at the new location.
7C00 xor ax,ax ;zero ax
7C02 mov ss,ax ;ss = 0
7C04 mov sp,07c00 ;stack @ 0:7c00
7C07 sti ;enable interrupts
7C08 push ax ;zero on stack
7C09 pop es ;es = 0
7C0A push ax ;zero on stack
7C0B pop ds ;ds = 0
7C0C cld ;clear direction
7C0D mov si,07c1b ;source index = 7c1b
7C10 mov di,061b ;dest index = 61b
7C13 push ax ;segment for retf = 0
7C14 push di ;offset for retf = 61b
7C15 mov cx,01e5 ;1e5 bytes to move
7C18 rep movsb ;relocate the MBR
7C1A retf ;jump to relocated MBR
SCAN PARTITION TABLE: the source index register (si) is set to
point to the "active flag" byte of the first partition record
(at offset 7BEh) in the MBR's partition table. The loader code
loops, checking the active flag of each record.
061B mov si,07be ;point si to first partition active flag
061E mov cl,4 ;4 partition records to examine
0620 cmp b[si],ch ;compare active flag to zero
0622 jl 062d ;jump if bit 7 of active flag set
If jl tests true here, we have an active partition.
0624 jne 061b ;hang computer in loop (bad flag)
Otherwise, the value of the must be zero, else the partition record
is corrupt. In that case the code goes into a loop and hangs the
system.
0626 add si,010 ;point to next record
0629 loop 0620 ;test next record
062B int 018 ;call ROM BASIC if no active partition
If no active partition is found in the partition table, a call is
made to ROM BASIC. This will normally result in "No ROM BASIC" being
displayed on the screen with the sytem hung.
062D mov dx,w[si] ;drive & head numbers to dx
We have found an active partition. The drive (80h) and head (usually 1)
are loaded in the dx register. Now check to be sure that the remaining
active flags are set to zero.
062F mov bp,si ;bp points to active partition entry
0631 add si,010 ;point to next entry
0634 dec cx ;decrement loop counter
0635 je 064d ;jump if finished
Finished testing active flags. Now go and read the active partition
boot sector to memory.
0637 cmp b[si],ch ;active byte = 0?
0639 je 0631 ;if so, check next entry
If we get here, a spurious (non-zero) active flag was found. The
MBR code now displays "Invalid Partition Table" and hangs.
Print error message:
063B mov si,0710 ;si points to error msg string
063E dec si ;adjust
063F lodsb ;get next character in al
0640 cmp al,0 ;end of string?
0642 je 063e ;if so, hang
0644 mov bx,7 ;color white on black
0647 mov ah,0e ;print character function
0649 int 010 ;print the char
064B jmp 063f ;print next char
READ BOOT SECTOR:
Now we are ready to read the active partition's boot sector to
memory. First, we need to determine whether to use CHS addressing
or the BIOS interrupt 13 LBA extensions. The LBA extensions are
used for partition types 0ch (FAT32 LBA), 0eh (FAT16 LBA).
064D mov w[bp+025],ax ;ax is = 0 here
0650 xchg ax,si ;si = 0
0651 mov al,b[bp+4] ;al = partition type
0654 mov ah,6 ;ah = 6
0656 cmp al,0e ;partition type 0e?
0658 je 066b ;if so, jump
065A mov ah,0b ;ah = 0b
065C cmp al,0c ;partition type 0c?
065E je 0665 ;if so, jump
0660 cmp al,ah ;partition type 0b?
0662 jne 068f ;jump if not
0664 inc ax ;resets zero flag
0665 mov b[bp+025],6 ;marker
0669 jne 068f ;jump
if the partition type is 0c or 0e, then we need to check if the int 13
BIOS extensions are supported.
066B mov bx,055aa ;per int 13 ah = 41
066E push ax ;save ax on stack
066F mov ah,041 ;this function is an installation
; check for the int 13 BIOS extension
0671 int 013 ;BIOS disk i/o
0673 pop ax ;restore ax
0674 jb 068c ;jump if error occurred
0676 cmp bx,0aa55 ;extensions supported?
067A jne 068c ;jump if not
067C test cl,1 ;disk access functions supported?
067F je 068c ;jump if not
0681 mov ah,al ;partition type to ah
0683 mov b[bp+024],dl ;drive no.
0686 mov w[06a1],01eeb ;patch code with jump to 06c1
068C mov b[bp+4],ah ;overwrite partition type
We will enter here, skipping the BIOS extensions tests, if the
partition type is other than 0c or 0e.
068F mov di,0a ;di=0a
0692 mov ax,0201 ;int 13 read 1 sector
0695 mov bx,sp ;stack pointer to bx
0697 xor cx,cx ;zero cx
0699 cmp di,5 ;compare
069C jg 06a1 ;jump if di > 5
069E mov cx,w[bp+025] ;will be 0 or 6
If the BIOS Interrupt 13 extensions are in use, this instruction
will have been overwritten with jmp 06c1. If CHS addressing
is in use, on the other hand, we will proceed as follows.
06A1 add cx,w[bp+2] ;start cyl/sector of partition
06A4 int 013 ;read sector to 0:7c00
06A6 jb 06d1 ;jump if error occurred
06A8 mov si,0746 ;pointer to error message
Message is "Missing operating system"
06AB cmp w[07dfe],0aa55 ;system signature present?
06B1 je 070d ;jump if so
06B3 sub di,5 ;else decrement di
06B6 jg 0692 ; and try again
06B8 test si ;si = 0?
06BA jne 063f ;go print error msg if not
06BC mov si,0727 ;pointer to error msg
Message will be "Error loading operating system"
06BF jmp 064b ;go print message
06C1 cbw ;ah = 0
06C2 xchg ax,cx ;cx = 1, ax = 0
06C3 push dx ;save dx
06C4 cwd ;dx = 0
06C5 add ax,w[bp+8] ;move "relative sectors"
06C8 adc dx,w[bp+0a] ; to ax/dx
06CB call 06e0 ;read the sector
06CE pop dx ;restore dx
06CF jmp 06a6 ;test for error & system sig
Error handler for int 13 reads:
06D1 dec di ;decrement retry counter
06D2 je 06b8 ;if zero go print error msg
06D4 xor ax,ax ;zero ax
06D6 int 013 ;reset disk drive
06D8 jmp 0692 ;retry read
06DA db... (6 bytes) ;Windows inserts a drive identifier here
06E0 push si ;save si
06E1 xor si,si ;zero si
06E3 push si ;LBA of
06E4 push si ; first block
06E5 push dx ; to read -
06E6 push ax ; qword
06E7 push es ;disk i/o
06E8 push bx ; buffer
06E9 push cx ;blocks to transfer
06EA mov si,010 ;si = 10
06ED push si ;save on stack
06EE mov si,sp ;si = sp
06F0 push ax ;save registers
06F1 push dx ; .
06F2 mov ax,04200 ;extd int 13 read
06F5 mov dl,b[bp+024] ;drive no.
06F8 int 013 ;read
06FA pop dx ;restore registers
06FB pop ax ; .
06FC lea sp,[si+010] ;adjust stack pointer
06FF jb 070b ;jump if error occurred
0701 inc ax ;increment ax
0702 jne 0705 ;jump if not zero
0704 inc dx ;increment dx
0705 add bh,2 ;add 200h to buffer offset
0708 loop 0701 ;
070A clc ;clear carry
070B pop si ;restore si
070C ret ;return
070D jmp 0783h
070F db 'Invalid partition table',0
0727 db 'Error loading operating system',0
0746 db 'Missing operating system',0
075F db... ;unused area
0783 mov di,sp ;stack pointer to di
0785 push ds ;seg for retf
0786 push di ;offst for retf
0787 mov si,bp ;si points to active partition record
0789 retf ;jump to DBR boot code
0790 db... ;unused area
07BE ;partition table goes here
07FE dw 0AA55 ;system signature
Sunday, June 6, 2010
Taiwanese Aboriginal Music
The 1991 formation of the Formosa Aboriginal Dance Troupe was another major contributor to this trend, while the surprise mainstream success of "Return to Innocence", the theme song to the 1996 Olympic Games, further popularized native musics. "Return to Innocence" was made by Enigma, a popular musical project and sampled the voices of an elderly Amis couple, Kuo Ying-nan and Kuo Hsiu-chu. When the couple found out that their recording had become part of an international hit, they filed suit and, in 1999, settled out of court for an unidentified amount.
繞樑旋律由稻田唱到亞特蘭大奧運會場，阿美族老歌手郭英男將台灣原住民音樂帶到國際舞台，這位國寶級的歌手今天凌晨因糖尿病併發症驟逝，他的「飲酒歡樂歌」也將成為絕響。
郭英男的原住民名字是「里望」，民國十三年三月二十日出身於台東馬蘭部落，和多數的原住民一樣，天生擁有好嗓子，對旋律也有著特有的敏感，不同的是，他比其他人更熱愛音樂，在耕種的田間可以聽到他高亢的聲音；在三五好友飲酒的場所可以聽到他來自最原始的吶喊。
郭英男的歌聲由稻田走入了原住民的社會，最後在國際舞台綻放光芒。
民國七十八年，已過世的許常惠教授挑選阿美族、排灣族、布農族二十餘位歌手組成「台灣山地傳統音樂舞蹈訪歐團」前往瑞士、比利時、荷蘭、法國、德國等國表演，郭英男和他妻子一起領唱的「飲酒歡樂歌」，被驚為天籟之音，獲得極佳的聲譽。
當時「飲酒歡樂歌」在德國演唱時被音樂熱愛者完整錄音，後來輾轉被當時德國當紅的搖滾樂團「謎」擷取部分原音放置在「反璞歸真」的單曲內，反璞歸真單曲於一九九四年獲選為美國告示牌單曲排行榜第四名。
消息傳回後，由於歌曲遭到剽取，郭英男一度因氣憤而封閉自己，並且拒絕公開演唱，他向文史工作者林建成說，「自己唱的歌，竟然被人家拿到自己家門口賣」，從那時候起，郭英男優美的歌聲也從馬蘭部落消失。
民國八十五年亞特蘭大奧運會場撥放的音樂，意外的讓郭英男聽到熟悉的旋律，他的「飲酒歡樂歌」獲選為奧運宣傳歌曲，從遠處不斷而來的祝賀，讓郭英男的音樂細胞恢復跳動，在族人和音樂界的懇請下，郭英男又回到了音樂的世界，他比以往更開朗，聲音也變得更無拘束。
亞特蘭奧運結束後，國內唱片業者和一些律師自願幫郭英男打國際官司，對德國謎樂團提起侵權訴訟，直到去年，案子才以和解落幕，不過郭英男也因糖尿病纏身而臥病在床，終於在今天凌晨三時，撒手人寰。
對原住民音樂頗有研究的蘇曉橋說，郭英男夫妻領唱的「飲酒歡樂歌」，韻味獨特，若再加上族人的「複音」疊唱，好比「用聲音來組成一支樂團，也像是以不同的樂器演奏同一首歌」，如今郭英男領唱的「飲酒歡樂歌」隨著郭英男的離去，成為絕響。
繞樑旋律由稻田唱到亞特蘭大奧運會場，阿美族老歌手郭英男將台灣原住民音樂帶到國際舞台，這位國寶級的歌手今天凌晨因糖尿病併發症驟逝，他的「飲酒歡樂歌」也將成為絕響。
郭英男的原住民名字是「里望」，民國十三年三月二十日出身於台東馬蘭部落，和多數的原住民一樣，天生擁有好嗓子，對旋律也有著特有的敏感，不同的是，他比其他人更熱愛音樂，在耕種的田間可以聽到他高亢的聲音；在三五好友飲酒的場所可以聽到他來自最原始的吶喊。
郭英男的歌聲由稻田走入了原住民的社會，最後在國際舞台綻放光芒。
民國七十八年，已過世的許常惠教授挑選阿美族、排灣族、布農族二十餘位歌手組成「台灣山地傳統音樂舞蹈訪歐團」前往瑞士、比利時、荷蘭、法國、德國等國表演，郭英男和他妻子一起領唱的「飲酒歡樂歌」，被驚為天籟之音，獲得極佳的聲譽。
當時「飲酒歡樂歌」在德國演唱時被音樂熱愛者完整錄音，後來輾轉被當時德國當紅的搖滾樂團「謎」擷取部分原音放置在「反璞歸真」的單曲內，反璞歸真單曲於一九九四年獲選為美國告示牌單曲排行榜第四名。
消息傳回後，由於歌曲遭到剽取，郭英男一度因氣憤而封閉自己，並且拒絕公開演唱，他向文史工作者林建成說，「自己唱的歌，竟然被人家拿到自己家門口賣」，從那時候起，郭英男優美的歌聲也從馬蘭部落消失。
民國八十五年亞特蘭大奧運會場撥放的音樂，意外的讓郭英男聽到熟悉的旋律，他的「飲酒歡樂歌」獲選為奧運宣傳歌曲，從遠處不斷而來的祝賀，讓郭英男的音樂細胞恢復跳動，在族人和音樂界的懇請下，郭英男又回到了音樂的世界，他比以往更開朗，聲音也變得更無拘束。
亞特蘭奧運結束後，國內唱片業者和一些律師自願幫郭英男打國際官司，對德國謎樂團提起侵權訴訟，直到去年，案子才以和解落幕，不過郭英男也因糖尿病纏身而臥病在床，終於在今天凌晨三時，撒手人寰。
對原住民音樂頗有研究的蘇曉橋說，郭英男夫妻領唱的「飲酒歡樂歌」，韻味獨特，若再加上族人的「複音」疊唱，好比「用聲音來組成一支樂團，也像是以不同的樂器演奏同一首歌」，如今郭英男領唱的「飲酒歡樂歌」隨著郭英男的離去，成為絕響。
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Tuesday, June 1, 2010
iPadから煙やお札、ハトが飛び出る「iPad magic」
iPadから煙やお札、ハトが飛び出す──YouTubeで公開されている「iPad magic」が話題になっている。もちろんマジックだが、その手際もさることながらiPadとマジックを絡めた発想にもユーザーが感心している。
舞台は東京・銀座のアップルストア前。iPadを手にした男性が、「コミュニケーションの過去と未来」をテーマに語り始める。原始的な通信手段だった「のろし」が画面に映ると手元から本物の煙が出現。「未来ではATMがなくてもお金がおろせるようになるかも」と語ればiPadからお札が、「人は難しいかもしれないが動物ならワープできるかも」と言えば鳩山由紀夫首相の写真がハトに変わって画面から飛び出す――といった具合にテンポよくマジックを披露する。
マジシャンは、会社勤めの傍ら活動する内田伸哉さん。5月27日に公開し、31日までに約9万7000回再生されている。
YouTubeには「みんなで見ました 歓声あがりまくり！ 素晴らしいです 感動した！」「Appleさん、これもうCMにしちゃえばいいのに」「仕掛けどうこうより発想が面白い」といったコメントが付いている。 最終更新:5月31日16時45分
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